Steam-boiler.



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Patented Nov. I3, |900.

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STEAM BOILER.

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(Application led Dec. 12, 1898.)

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' A. G. HDHENSTEIN.

STEAM BULEH.

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STEAM BOILER.

(Application led Dec. 12, 1898.)

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ARCHIE G. HOHENSTEIN, OF NEV HAVEN, CONNECTICUT.

Sl'EWlv-BOlLER.

SPECIFICATIUN forming part of Letters Patent No. 661,528, dated November 13, 1900.

Application filed December l2, 1898 Serial No. 698,966. (No model.)

T0 f/,ZZ whom, it min/.7] concern:

Be it known that l, Anonin G. HoHnNsTnIN, of New Haven, in the county of New Haven and State of Connecticut, have invented a new lmprovementin Steam-Boilers; and I do hereby declare the following, when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings and the letters of reference marked thereon, to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, and which said drawings constitute part of this specification.

This invention relates to an improvement in steam-boilers, and particularly to that class which are known as water-tube7 boi1 ers, and while especially designed for use as a marine boiler is equally applicable for land boilers. Features which are necessary in marine boilers are usually desirable in land boilers; but for land boilers economy of space is not soimportant. A perfect marine boiler should be compact in arrangement, sectional in character to permit ease of repair, and have straight tubes, so that they may be readily renewed, and the tubes should be arranged at as great an inclination as possible to permit the ready liberation of steam. The water travel through the tubes should be as short as possible to prevent bottling up of steam therein and so that the circulation shall be free, positive, rapid, and natural. A large water-heating surface in proportion to the size of the grate is also cssential, and it should be so arranged as to derive the greatest possible benefit from the gases of combustion with a minimum amount of fuel and so that the gases shall be fully consumed before reaching the smoke-stack to avoid iiaming therein when the boilers are forced. The boilers should also be capable of maintaining high pressure without undue strain and the strains due to expansion and contraction eliminated as far as possible.

The object of this invention is to produce a boiler possessing the essential features above specified; and in general terms the invention consists in the construction and arrangement, as will be hereinafter described, and particularly recited in the claims.

ln the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, Figure l is a front elevation of the boiler with the upper part of the jacket removed. Fig. 2 is a sectional side view illustrating the arrangement of the banks of cii'culatingtubes; Fig. 3, a broken sectional view illustrating the arrangement of baille-plates; Fig. et, a broken sectional plan View of one end of the baille-plates,

showing one method of securingl them in position; and Fig. 5, a side view of the upper end of one of the baille-plates, showing its relation to the upper headers.

As indicated in Fig. l, my boiler may comprise six double sections, although the number will depend upon the size or powerof the boiler. Each single section will include an upper front header A, lower front header l, upper rear header C, and lower rear header D. The front headers are connected by two series or banks of tubes, one series or bank of tubes a extending upward and rearward from the lower front header B to the back of the boiler and preferably to points between the rear headers, where they are coupled by return-bends b with the other series of tubes c, extending downward and rearward from the upper front header A. The rear headers are connected by two banks or series of tubes, one series of tubes d extending upward and forward from the lower rear header D to the front of the boiler and preferably to points between the front headers A ll, where they are coupled by returnbends e with the other series of tubes f, extending downward and forward from the upper rear header C, the said tubes being preferably all of the same length. l The openings in the headers for the tubes entend through both walls, so that the tubes may be readily inserted, and the tubes are expanded into the headers in the usual manner. The openings in the outer walls of the headers for the tubes and the openings in the drums and sections to be hereinafter described are closed by ordinary caps E, as indicated in a few instances in Figs. l and 2. Below the sections above described is the fire-box or combustiowehaml ber G, in which the usual grate H is arranged, and in the front wall F are the usual fuelopenings I and ash-pit opening J. The top of the fire-box or combustion-chamber is partially closed by two arches K K', which curve upward from opposite sides toward the center, and upwardly arched from front to rear, as shown in Figs. l, 2, and 3, leaving a space at the center for the passage of heat into the banks of tubes above. The lower front headers B are connected at their lower ends to a water-front L, which extends across the front of the boiler and is preferably formed with a flange h, projecting inward from its lower rear face, forming a support for the lower front headers. This water-front is supported at opposite sides by water-colu1nns M, which connect with lower water-legs N, extending rearward into a back or mud drum O. Rising from the upper side of the water-front are return water-columns or downtakes P P', which support at their upper ends a steamdrum Q. The lower rear headers D extend downward and are supported upon the drum O, into which they open, and so as to provide a passage from the return water-columns and the water-front to the lower rear headers. The upper rear headers C extend above rthe bank of tubes j' and are connected with the A upper front headers by tubes R, and above t-hese tubes R the upper rear headers are connected with the steam-d rum Q by large forward-'flowing steam drums or pipes S. A superheater or steam-drier, which extends from the steam-drum, consists of pipes T, which extend rearward to a header 'l" and thence forward to a steambutlet drum U. The feed of the boiler is by feed-pipes Z, which extendA through the water-legs N and discharge into the drum O. As before stated, the various sections are provided with hand-holes closed by caps in the usual manner, so that access may be had to the several joints or connections.

Between the several steam drums or pipes are placed `\i'shaped stops W, which, with the pipes, close the upper end of the combustionchamber, except the sides and front end, and between each section of the boiler, below the stops W, l arrange baffle-plates. These plates extend across the chamber from front to rear and are formed with ears g, by which the plates may be bolted to the several headers, as shown in Fig. 5, or they may be otherwise fixed in position. The central bat'deplate X is not absolutely necessary, although it may be employed, as shown. rlhe upper edges of the barde-plates X', on opposite sides of the center, do not extend up to meet the tapered stops W, but terminate in line with the top of the front headers, as shown in Fig. 5, so as to leave a passageY above the plates and beneath the steam-pipes S. The plates X2, however, extend up beneath the lower ends of the stops, or the stops may extend down to meet the lower ends ot' the plates, and so close the passage at their upper end; but these plates do not extend down to the combustionchamber arch, as do the plates X', so that a passage is provided beneath the lower ends of the plates X2 and so that the products of combustion from the chamber rise between the central sections and pass through the opening Y above the battles X', thence downward between the battles X' and X2, beneath the baffles X2, and thence upward around the steam-drums and between superheaters to the stack Z. The carrying capacity of the headers should equal at least the capacity of the respective banks of tubes connected with them. The connections between the upper headers should equal the capacity of the bank of tubes connected to the upper trontheaders. The capacity of the steam-drums should exceed by titty per cent.at least the combined capacities of the rear headers. The downtakepipes or return water-columns to the waterfront should equal the area of the dischargeopenings of all the tubes in the boiler, and so as to maintain a perfect unrestricted circulation of water and delivery of steam.

The supply-pipeV enters the front ends of the water-legs N and extends through the same to the rear drum O, so that the feed water is heated before entering the circulation to boiler temperature. At this temperature any salts or foreign substances will be precipitated and will settle into the drums O,

from which the precipitates may be blown oli? y and prevented from entering the boiler circulation.

The circulation which would be initiated by the heating of the lower banks or sets of tubes d and cl would probably have its starting-point in the water-fr0ntL,one owinginto the lower front headers B and banks of tubes d to the rear of the boiler and the other current passing down vthe water-columns M along the water-legs N to the rear header D, so that there will be two independent currents owing substantially parallel to each other from the front to the rear of the boiler. From the rear of the boiler the two currents will iiow through the banks or sets of tubes d and c to the front of the boiler and thence to the upper rear headers by the banks ot' tubesfand series of tu bes R, the two currents preserving during these traverses across the combustionchambertheirsubstantialparallelism. These currents unite in the rear headers and tlow together along the steam-pipes S to the steamdrum Q and from thence down the water-columns P P to the water-front L, completing the circuit.

It will be noticed that tubes springing from each line of headers are connected at their opposite ends by individual return-bends for each pair of tubes, thereby compelling the circulation started in a tube to remain independently in that tube without interference until it reaches its own discharge in the upper headers from the same end from which it starts. The carrying capacity of each individual header being slightly in excess of the combined carrying capacities of all the tubes springing from that header insures a solid bank of water from which the circulation can be drawn.

It is characteristic of my improvement wherein two series of headers are arranged on opposite sides of the boilers and the headers on each side are connected by tubes trav- IOO TIO

the circulation is unrestricted and that noA opposing currents can be started or maintained.

l claim herein as my inventionl. A water-tube boiler having in combination water-chambers arranged on opposite sides of the combustion-cham ber, a series ot` pairs of connected tubes, the members or' each such pair extending in diverging lines from one side of the boiler to the water-chambers on the opposite side and a second series of pairs of connected tubes the members of each such pair extending from lthe other side of the boiler in diverging lines to the opposite water-chambers and return connections or downtakes, substantially as set forth.

2. A water-tube boiler having in combination two series of front headers, two connected series ot' tubes extending in diverging lines from the rear of the boiler to the front headers, two series of rear headers and two connected series of tubes extending from the front of the boiler to the rear headers, and` return connections between the upper and lower series of headers, substantially as set forth.

3. A water-tube boiler having in combination two series ot' front headers, two series of rear headers, a series of pairs of connected tubes the members of each pair extending; from a point between the rear headers in diverging lines to the 'front headers, and a second series of pairs of connected tubes, the members of each such pair extending from a point between the front headers in diverging lines to the rear headers, and return connections between the upper and lower series of headers, 'substantially as set forth.

e. A water-tube boiler having in combination two series of front headers, two series of rear headers, a series ot' pairs of connected tubes the members of each pair arranged in dii'terent vertical planes and extending from a point between the rear headers in diverging lines to the front headers, and asecond series of pairs of connected tubes, the members of each such pair extending respectively in planes parallel to the members of the pairs of the front series from a point between the first headers to the rear headers, and return connections between the upperand lower series of headers, substantially as set forth.

5. A water-tube boiler having in combination upper and lower front headers, upper and lower rearheaders, two series of connected tubes extending respectively from the front headers to the rear of the boiler, two series of connected tubes extending respectively from the rear headers forward tothe front of the boiler, tubes connecting the Lipper headers, a steam-drum, tubes connecting the upper rear headers to the steam-drum,a water- 7o front, return water-columns from the steamdrum to the water-front, a mud-drum and water-legs extending from said water-front to the mud-drum, substantially as set forth.

6. A water-tube boiler having in combination upper and lower headers, upper and lower rear headers, two series of connected tubes extending respectively from the front headers to the rear of the boiler, two series of connected tubes extending respectively from 8o the rear headers to the front of the boiler, tubes connecting the upper front and rear headers, a steam-drum, tubes connecting the upper rear header to said druln, a Waterfront, return water-columns from the steamdrum to the water-front, a mud-drum, Waterlegs extending from said water-front to the mud-drum, and a supplypipe extending through said water-leg and discharging into said drum, substantially as set forth.

7. A water-tube boiler having in combination upper and lower headers, tubes extending from the headers across the combustionchamber, a steam-drum connected to the upper headers, downtake pipes or columns con- 95 necting the steam-drum to the lower headers, and superheating-pipes extending from the steam-drum across the combustion-chamber, substantially set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed this Ioo specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ARCHIE G. HOHENSTElN.

Witnesses:

FREDERIC C. EARLE, LILLIAN D. KELSEY. 

